Complete list of presidents of Unites states

Complete list of presidents of Unites states

This list includes only those persons who were sworn into office as president following the ratification of the United States Constitution, which took effect on March 4, 1789. For American leaders before this ratification, see President of the Continental Congress.^[2] The list does not include any Acting Presidents under the Twenty-fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution.

There have been 43 people sworn into office, and 44 presidencies, as Grover Cleveland served two non-consecutive terms and is counted chronologically as both the 22nd and 24th president. Of the individuals elected as president, four died in office of natural causes (William Henry Harrison,^[3] Zachary Taylor,^[4] Warren G. Harding,^[5] and Franklin D. Roosevelt), four were assassinated (Abraham Lincoln,^[6] James A. Garfield,^[6][7] William McKinley,^[8] and John F. Kennedy) and one resigned (Richard Nixon).^[9]

George Washington, the first president, was inaugurated in 1789 after a unanimous vote of the Electoral College. William Henry Harrison spent the shortest time in office with 32 days in 1841. Franklin D. Roosevelt spent the longest with over twelve years, but died shortly into his fourth term in 1945; he is the only president to have served more than two terms. A constitutional amendment, affecting presidents after Harry Truman, was passed to limit the number of times an individual can be elected president. Andrew Jackson, the seventh president, was the first to be elected by white men of all classes in 1828 after most laws barring non-land-owners from voting were repealed. Warren Harding was the first elected after women gained voting rights in 1920. Four presidents – John Q. Adams, Rutherford B. Hayes, Benjamin Harrison and George W. Bush – lost the popular vote but assumed office; Harrison and Bush were subsequently re-elected with popular majorities. John F. Kennedy has been the only president of Roman Catholic faith, and the current president, Barack Obama, is the first president of African descent.^[10]

List of presidents of Unites states

Parties

      No party       Federalist       Democratic-Republican       Democratic       Whig       Republican

№	President		Took office	Left office	Party	Term [n 1]	Previous office	Vice President
1		George Washington (1732–1799) [11][12][13]	April 30, 1789 [n 2]	March 4, 1797	n/a[14]	1 (1789)	Commander-in-Chief of the Continental Army (1775–1783)		John Adams
						2 (1792)
2		John Adams (1735–1826) [15][16][17]	March 4, 1797	March 4, 1801 [n 3]	Federalist	3 (1796)	Vice President		Thomas Jefferson
3		Thomas Jefferson (1743–1826) [18][19][20]	March 4, 1801	March 4, 1809	Democratic- Republican	4 (1800)	Vice President		Aaron Burr March 4, 1801 – March 4, 1805
						5 (1804)			George Clinton[n 4][n 5] March 4, 1805 – April 20, 1812
4		James Madison (1751–1836) [21][22][23]	March 4, 1809	March 4, 1817	Democratic- Republican	6 (1808)	Secretary of State (1801–1809)
								Vacant[n 6] April 20, 1812 – March 4, 1813
						7 (1812)			Elbridge Gerry[n 4][n 5] March 4, 1813 – November 23, 1814
								Vacant[n 6] November 23, 1814 – March 4, 1817
5		James Monroe (1758–1831) [24][25][26]	March 4, 1817	March 4, 1825	Democratic- Republican	8 (1816)	Secretary of State (1811–1817)		Daniel D. Tompkins
						9 (1820)
6		John Quincy Adams (1767–1848) [27][28][29]	March 4, 1825	March 4, 1829 [n 3]	Democratic- Republican	10 (1824)	Secretary of State (1817–1825)		John C. Calhoun[n 7] March 4, 1825 – December 28, 1832
7		Andrew Jackson (1767–1845) [30][31][32]	March 4, 1829	March 4, 1837	Democratic	11 (1828)	U.S. Senator from Tennessee (1823–1825)
								Vacant[n 6] December 28, 1832 – March 4, 1833
						12 (1832)			Martin Van Buren March 4, 1833 – March 4, 1837
8		Martin Van Buren (1782–1862) [33][34][35]	March 4, 1837	March 4, 1841 [n 3]	Democratic	13 (1836)	Vice President		Richard Mentor Johnson
9		William Henry Harrison (1773–1841) [36][37][38]	March 4, 1841	April 4, 1841 [n 5][n 4]	Whig	14 (1840)	Minister to Colombia (1828–1829)		John Tyler
10		John Tyler (1790–1862) [39][40][41]	April 4, 1841	March 4, 1845	Whig April 4, 1841 – September 13, 1841		Vice President [n 8]	Vacant[n 6]
					Independent[n 9] September 13, 1841 – March 4, 1845
11		James K. Polk (1795–1849) [42][43][44]	March 4, 1845	March 4, 1849	Democratic	15 (1844)	Governor of Tennessee (1839–1841)		George M. Dallas
12		Zachary Taylor (1784–1850) [45][46][47]	March 4, 1849	July 9, 1850 [n 5][n 4]	Whig	16 (1848)	U.S. Army Major general from the 1st Infantry Regiment (1846–1849)		Millard Fillmore
13		Millard Fillmore (1800–1874) [48][49][50]	July 9, 1850	March 4, 1853 [n 10]	Whig		Vice President	Vacant[n 6]
14		Franklin Pierce (1804–1869) [51][52][53]	March 4, 1853	March 4, 1857	Democratic	17 (1852)	U.S. Army Brigadier general from the 9th Infantry Regiment (1847–1848)		William R. King[n 4][n 5] March 4, 1853 – April 18, 1853
								Vacant[n 6] April 18, 1853 – March 4, 1857
15		James Buchanan (1791–1868) [54][55][56]	March 4, 1857	March 4, 1861	Democratic	18 (1856)	Minister to the United Kingdom (1853–1856)		John C. Breckinridge
16		Abraham Lincoln (1809–1865) [57][58][59]	March 4, 1861	April 15, 1865 [n 5][n 11]	Republican	19 (1860)	U.S. Representative from Illinois (1847–1849)		Hannibal Hamlin March 4, 1861 – March 4, 1865
					Republican National Union[n 12]	20 (1864)			Andrew Johnson March 4, 1865 – April 15, 1865
17		Andrew Johnson (1808–1875) [60][61][62]	April 15, 1865	March 4, 1869	Democratic National Union[n 12] Independent[n 13]		Vice President	Vacant [n 6]
18		Ulysses S. Grant (1822–1885) [63][64][65]	March 4, 1869	March 4, 1877	Republican	21 (1868)	Commanding General of the U.S. Army (1864–1869)		Schuyler Colfax March 4, 1869 – March 4, 1873
						22 (1872)			Henry Wilson[n 4][n 5] March 4, 1873 – November 22, 1875
								Vacant[n 6] November 22, 1875 – March 4, 1877
19		Rutherford B. Hayes (1822–1893) [66][67][68]	March 4, 1877	March 4, 1881	Republican	23 (1876)	Governor of Ohio (1868–1872, 1876–1877)		William A. Wheeler
20		James A. Garfield (1831–1881) [69][70][71]	March 4, 1881	September 19, 1881 [n 5][n 11]	Republican	24 (1880)	U.S. Representative from Ohio (1863–1881)		Chester A. Arthur
21		Chester A. Arthur (1829–1886) [72][73][74]	September 19, 1881	March 4, 1885	Republican		Vice President	Vacant[n 6]
22		Grover Cleveland (1837–1908) [75][76]	March 4, 1885	March 4, 1889 [n 3]	Democratic	25 (1884)	Governor of New York (1883–1885)		Thomas A. Hendricks[n 4][n 5] March 4, 1885 – November 25, 1885
								Vacant[n 6] November 25, 1885 – March 4, 1889
23		Benjamin Harrison (1833–1901) [77][78][79]	March 4, 1889	March 4, 1893 [n 3]	Republican	26 (1888)	U.S. Senator from Indiana (1881–1887)		Levi P. Morton
24		Grover Cleveland (1837–1908) [75][76]	March 4, 1893	March 4, 1897	Democratic	27 (1892)	President (1885–1889)		Adlai Stevenson
25		William McKinley (1843–1901) [80][81][82]	March 4, 1897	September 14, 1901 [n 5][n 11]	Republican	28 (1896)	Governor of Ohio (1892–1896)		Garret Hobart[n 4] March 4, 1897 – November 21, 1899
								Vacant[n 6] November 21, 1899 – March 4, 1901
						29 (1900)			Theodore Roosevelt March 4, 1901 – September 14, 1901
26		Theodore Roosevelt (1858–1919) [83][84][85]	September 14, 1901	March 4, 1909 [n 10]	Republican		Vice President	Vacant[n 6] September 14, 1901 – March 4, 1905
						30 (1904)			Charles W. Fairbanks March 4, 1905 – March 4, 1909
27		William Howard Taft (1857–1930) [86][87][88]	March 4, 1909	March 4, 1913 [n 3]	Republican	31 (1908)	Secretary of War (1904–1908)		James S. Sherman[n 4][n 5] March 4, 1909 – October 30, 1912
								Vacant[n 6] October 30, 1912 – March 4, 1913
28		Woodrow Wilson (1856–1924) [89][90][91]	March 4, 1913	March 4, 1921	Democratic	32 (1912)	Governor of New Jersey (1911–1913)		Thomas R. Marshall
						33 (1916)
29		Warren G. Harding (1865–1923) [92][93][94]	March 4, 1921	August 2, 1923 [n 5][n 4]	Republican	34 (1920)	U.S. Senator from Ohio (1915–1921)		Calvin Coolidge
30		Calvin Coolidge (1872–1933) [95][96][97]	August 2, 1923	March 4, 1929	Republican		Vice President	Vacant[n 6] August 2, 1923 – March 4, 1925
						35 (1924)			Charles G. Dawes March 4, 1925 – March 4, 1929
31		Herbert Hoover (1874–1964) [98][99][100]	March 4, 1929	March 4, 1933 [n 3]	Republican	36 (1928)	Secretary of Commerce (1921–1928)		Charles Curtis
32		Franklin D. Roosevelt (1882–1945) [101][102][103]	March 4, 1933	April 12, 1945 [n 5][n 4]	Democratic	37 (1932) [n 14]	Governor of New York (1929–1932)		John Nance Garner March 4, 1933 – January 20, 1941
						38 (1936)
						39 (1940)			Henry A. Wallace January 20, 1941 – January 20, 1945
						40 (1944)			Harry S. Truman January 20, 1945 – April 12, 1945
33		Harry S. Truman (1884–1972) [104][105][106]	April 12, 1945	January 20, 1953	Democratic		Vice President	Vacant[n 6] April 12, 1945 – January 20, 1949
						41 (1948)			Alben W. Barkley January 20, 1949 – January 20, 1953
34		Dwight D. Eisenhower (1890–1969) [107][108][109]	January 20, 1953	January 20, 1961 [n 15]	Republican	42 (1952)	Supreme Allied Commander Europe (1949–1952)		Richard Nixon
						43 (1956)
35		John F. Kennedy (1917–1963) [110][111][112]	January 20, 1961	November 22, 1963 [n 5][n 11]	Democratic	44 (1960)	U.S. Senator from Massachusetts (1953–1960)		Lyndon B. Johnson
36		Lyndon B. Johnson (1908–1973) [113][114]	November 22, 1963	January 20, 1969	Democratic		Vice President	Vacant[n 6] November 22, 1963 – January 20, 1965
						45 (1964)			Hubert Humphrey January 20, 1965 – January 20, 1969
37		Richard Nixon (1913–1994) [115][116][117]	January 20, 1969	August 9, 1974 [n 7]	Republican	46 (1968)	Vice President (1953–1961)		Spiro Agnew[n 7] January 20, 1969 – October 10, 1973
						47 (1972)
								Vacant[n 6] October 10, 1973 – December 6, 1973
									Gerald Ford December 6, 1973 – August 9, 1974
38		Gerald Ford (1913–2006) [118][119][120]	August 9, 1974	January 20, 1977 [n 16]	Republican		Vice President	Vacant[n 6] August 9, 1974 – December 19, 1974
									Nelson Rockefeller December 19, 1974 – January 20, 1977
39		Jimmy Carter (born 1924) [121][122][123]	January 20, 1977	January 20, 1981 [n 3]	Democratic	48 (1976)	Governor of Georgia (1971–1975)		Walter Mondale
40		Ronald Reagan (1911–2004) [124][125][126]	January 20, 1981	January 20, 1989	Republican	49 (1980)	Governor of California (1967–1975)		George H. W. Bush
						50 (1984)
41		George H. W. Bush (born 1924) [127][128][129]	January 20, 1989	January 20, 1993 [n 3]	Republican	51 (1988)	Vice President		Dan Quayle
42		Bill Clinton (born 1946) [130][131][132]	January 20, 1993	January 20, 2001	Democratic	52 (1992)	Governor of Arkansas (1979–1981, 1983–1992)		Al Gore
						53 (1996)
43		George W. Bush (born 1946) [133][134][135]	January 20, 2001	January 20, 2009	Republican	54 (2000)	Governor of Texas (1995–2000)		Dick Cheney
						55 (2004)
44		Barack Obama (born 1961) [136][137][138]	January 20, 2009	Incumbent	Democratic	56 (2008)	U.S. Senator from Illinois (2005–2008)		Joe Biden
						57 (2012)

Living former presidents

As of January 2015, there are four living former presidents:

President	Term of office	Date of birth
Jimmy Carter	1977–1981	October 1, 1924 (age 90)
George H. W. Bush	1989–1993	June 12, 1924 (age 90)
Bill Clinton	1993–2001	August 19, 1946 (age 68)
George W. Bush	2001–2009	July 6, 1946 (age 68)

The most recent death of a former president was that of Gerald Ford (1974–77) on December 26, 2006, aged 93.

See also

United States portal

• Founding Fathers of the United States
• Historical rankings of Presidents of the United States
• List of burial places of Presidents of the United States
• List of educational institutions named after U.S. presidents
• List of fictional Presidents of the United States
• Jefferson Davis, the only President of the Confederate States of America
• List of Presidents of the United States, sortable by previous experience
• List of Vice Presidents of the United States
• Presidential portrait (United States)
• Presidential $1 Coin Program
• U.S. presidents on U.S. postage stamps

Notes

1. For the purposes of numbering, a presidency is defined as an uninterrupted period of time in office served by one person. For example, George Washington served two consecutive terms and is counted as the first president (not the first and second). Upon the resignation of 37th president Richard Nixon, Gerald Ford became the 38th president even though he simply served out the remainder of Nixon's second term and was never elected to the presidency in his own right. Grover Cleveland was both the 22nd president and the 24th president because his two terms were not consecutive. A period during which a vice-president temporarily becomes Acting President under the Twenty-fifth Amendment is not a presidency, because the president remains in office during such a period.
2. Instead of being inaugurated on March 4, 1789, George Washington's first-term inaugural was postponed 57 days (1 month and 27 days) to April 30, 1789, because the U.S. Congress had not yet achieved a quorum.
3. Unseated (lost re-election).
4. Died in office of natural causes.
5. Died in office
6. Prior to ratification of the Twenty-fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution in 1967, there was no mechanism by which a vacancy in the Vice Presidency could be filled. Richard Nixon was the first president to fill such a vacancy under the provisions of the Twenty-fifth Amendment when he appointed Gerald Ford. Ford later became the second president to fill a vice presidential vacancy when he appointed Nelson Rockefeller to succeed him.
7. Resigned.
8. Being the first vice president to assume the presidency, Tyler set a precedent that a vice president who assumes the office of president becomes a fully functioning president who has his own presidency, as opposed to just a caretaker president. His political opponents attempted to refer to him as "Acting President", but he refused to allow that. The Twenty-fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution put Tyler's precedent into the Constitution.
9. Former Democrat who ran for Vice President on Whig ticket. Clashed with Whig congressional leaders and was expelled from the Whig party in 1841.
10. Later sought election or re-election to a non-consecutive term.
11. Assassinated.
12. Abraham Lincoln and Andrew Johnson were, respectively, a Republican and a Democrat who ran on the National Union ticket in 1864.
13. Andrew Johnson did not identify with the two main parties while president and tried and failed to build a party of loyalists under the National Union label. His failure to build a true National Union Party left Johnson without a party.
14. The Twentieth Amendment to the United States Constitution went into effect in 1933, moving the 1937 inauguration day from March 4 to January 20, and shortening this term by 43 days.
15. Dwight Eisenhower is the first president to have been legally prohibited by the Twenty-second Amendment to the United States Constitution from seeking a third term.
16. Sought an election for a full term, but was unsuccessful